Silica sand low in iron is much in demand for glass, ceramic and pottery use, and for many of these applications clean, white sand is desired. Impurities such as clay slime, iron stain, and heavy minerals including iron oxides, garnet, chromite, zircon, and other accessory minerals must not be present. Chromium, for example, must not be present, even in extremely small amounts, in order for the sand to be acceptable to certain markets. Feldspars and mica are also objectionable. Generally, iron content must be reduced to 0.030 Fe2O3 or less.
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The flowsheet illustrates the more common methods of sand beneficiation. silica may be obtained from sandstone, dry sand deposits and wet sand deposits. special materials handling methods are applicable in each case.
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The silica bearing sandstone must be mined or quarried much in the manner for handling hard rock. the mined ore is reduced by a jaw crusher to about 18243 size for the average small tonnage operation. for larger scale operations two-stage crushing is advisable.
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The crushed ore is reduced to natural sand grain size by rod milling. generally, one pass treatment through the rod mill is sufficient. grinding is done wet at dilutions in excess of normal grinding practice. a spiral screen fitted to the mill discharge removes the plus 20 mesh oversize which either goes to waste or is conveyed back to the mill feed for retreatment.
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Sand from such deposits is generally loaded into trucks and transported dry to the mill receiving bin. it is then fed on to a vibrating screen with sufficient water to wash the sand through the 20 mesh stainless screen cloth. water sprays further wash the oversize which goes to waste or for other use. the minus 20 mesh is the product going to further treatment.
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If the sand deposit is below the water table and generally wet, it is best to mine it hydraulically. dredge pump methods are widely used for such deposits.
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The sand and water slurry for one of the three fore-mentioned methods is classified or dewatered. this may be conveniently done by cyclones or by mechanical dewatering classifiers such as the drag, screw, or rake classifiers.
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From classification the sand, at 70 to 75 solids, is introduced into a attrition scrubber for removal of surface stain from the sand grains. this is done by actual rubbing of the wet sand grains, one against another, in an intensely agitated high density pulp. most of the work is done among the sand grains not against the rotating propellers.
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For this service rubber covered turbine type propellers of special design and pitch are used. peripheral speed is relatively low, but it is necessary to introduce sufficient power to keep the entire mass in violent movement without any lost motion or splash. the degree of surface filming and iron oxide stain will determine the retention time required in the scrubber.
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Development and application of rivel gravel sand making machine. with the natural sand mining limit policy proposed in recent years, artificial sand sand gradually into peoples vision, the corresponding sand making machine and related equipment of sand stone and also began to familiar with people.
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High quality processing plant diamond mining machinery small gold washing plant with low price gold trommel wash plant trommel scrubber is working rotary through the gear in the middle of the outside drum. in the process mining machinery parts , its a closed space ,there are some plate in this part.when the material is fed from the feeder to the washing part, during the force of watering and ...
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Screening amp washing. sbm has made vibrating screen, ykn vibrating screen, xsd sand washer, lsx sand washing machine etc. screening and washing machines used in stone processing plant... lean more. feeding amp conveying. feeders achieve uniform feeding with belts conveyor and reducer conveyor play a role in the transport of materials in crusher ...
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